Nowadays it is a well-known fact that a womens ob Essays

Nowadays it is a well-known fact that a women's objectification is an important obstacle which prevent the progress of an equal society.(Good thesis statement?)The aim of this essay is examiner this phenomenon through the most striking features of his problem caused by/brought about how media use females body to sell products, the effects that this provoke in a woman of today and some basic councils to educate children and made people become aware of/be conscious of the barrier that block the progress towards equality. The first thing that need to be (reveal/express/) exposes is that it is not difficult to find in media the reification of women as an instrumental tool to achieve certain purposes. These media are taking control and force the acceptance of perfection. Does indeed seem justified the fact that publishing treat female human as an object rather than a person, reducing the appearance with silencing and being fungible for any other. Advertising, marketing, and the fashion industry have created a new type of woman that does not exist in the real world, there is a strong chance that the images are taking the control and force the acceptance of perfection. That could be one of the reason why models are compared with/ treated as mannequins. In contrast with mannequins, women has/have () feelings, worries, fears that are transformed in psychological problems which lead to diseases. The most notable aspect of the mental illness is the occasioned only to obtain an appearance according to what society determines. It should be pointed out that recent studies attest that are teenagers girls who develop this diseases mainly. Anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder are the main issues in women, due to the pressure that have, being this the trigger of the eating disorders. It must be added that this problem affect more women than men. There are grounds for believing that obesity and anorexia are being increased in recent years. It is obvious that cosmetic surgery is also enhance between the youngest breakneck speeds.(?) First and foremost, it should be noted that women's codification is a controversial aspect of daily which can be reduce in the education of children. Because an equal society starts with an equal education. Education is one of the most effective tools that people have in creating a fair and equal society. What children learned today will impact on the way of thinking will be different and built an adequate civilization. Teach that the images of supermodels are not women of today, that announcements which shows girls as objects should be outlaws or even that the only propose of the Photoshop is created false portrays. To concluded this essay is necessary analyze the phenomenon of objectification is morally wrong in most circumstances. To sell products or arouse the male libido, often without regard for the personhood of the women being used. Many girls including supermodels don't eat in order to obtain this body image and hinders the happiness of women. It can be life threatening and nobody should go to that extreme. Because women can't allow that the media decide what it is beauty and what it is not. Taking all this aspects into consideration the sexual objectification awareness initiatives should not only be directed at girls and women, but at boys and men, parents and teachers. Despite various limitations, the present data and its implications for female development and mental health trajectories should still be seriously considered in the realms of policy, public health, and education.

History of Pearl Diving in Qatar

History of Pearl Diving in Qatar Pearl diving was one of Qatar’s main industries until the early 1940s when oil replaced it.  After being the major industry of the area for thousands of years, pearl diving was a decaying profession by the 1930s, after the introduction of Japanese cultured pearls and the Great Depression made pearl diving unprofitable. Even though pearling is no longer a thriving industry, it remains a beloved part of Qatari culture. History and Decline of the Pearling Industry Pearls were treasured in the ancient world, especially by Arabs, Romans, and Egyptians. These areas were largely supplied by the pearling industry in the Persian Gulf, with pearl divers working hard to keep up with the high demand from trading partners in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Pearl diving was risky and physically taxing. The lack of oxygen, the fast change in water pressure, and the sharks and other marine predators made pearl diving a very dangerous profession. Despite the danger, however, the high value of the pearls made pearl diving a profitable profession. When Japan created oyster farms in the mid-1920s to generate cultured pearls, the pearl market became glutted. In addition, the advent of the Great Depression in the 1930s devastated the pearl market as people no longer had extra money for luxury items such as pearls. With the market for pearls drying up, it was a miraculous event for the Qatari people when oil was discovered in 1939, changing their entire way of life. How Pearls Are Formed Pearls are formed when a foreign object enters the shell of an oyster, mussel, or other mollusk and becomes trapped. This object can be a parasite, grain of sand, or small piece of shell, but more commonly it is a food particle. To protect itself from the particle, the mollusk releases layers of aragonite (the mineral calcium carbonate) and conchiolin (a protein). Over a period of two to five years, these layers build up and form a pearl. In oysters and freshwater mussels, nacre (mother of pearl) gives pearls their natural luster. Pearls from other mollusks have a porcelain-like texture and don’t shine like pearls with nacre do. Qatar is a perfect place to find such beautiful, shiny pearls.  Because of its abundant freshwater springs, the water there is part salty and part fresh, an ideal environment for nacre formation. (Most of the fresh water comes from the Shatt al Arab River.) Cultured pearls follow the same essential formation process as natural pearls, but they are created under carefully controlled conditions on a pearl farm. Pearling Voyages Traditionally, Qatar’s pearl fishers made two annual boat voyages during the June-September fishing season. There was a long trip (two months) and a shorter trip (40 days). Most pearling boats (often called a â€Å"dhow†) contained 18-20 men. Without modern technology, pearl diving was extremely dangerous. The men didn’t use oxygen tanks; instead, they pinched their noses with pieces of wood and held their breaths for up to two minutes. They would also often wear a sheath made of leather on their hands and feet to protect them from the rocky surfaces found below. Then they would throw a rope with a rock tied at the end into the water and jump in. These divers would often swim over 100 feet below, quickly use their knife or a rock to pry oysters and other mollusks off of rocks or the sea floor and place the oysters in a rope bag that they had hung around their necks. When they could hold their breath no more, the diver would pull on the rope and be pulled back up to the boat. Their load of mollusks would then be dumped on the deck of the ship and they would dive again for more. Divers would continue this process throughout the day. At nighttime, the dives would stop and they would all open the oysters to look for the valuable pearls. They could go through thousands of oysters before finding even one pearl. Not all dives went smoothly, however. Diving that deep meant that rapid changes in pressure could cause serious medical problems, including bends and shallow water blackout. Also, the divers were not always alone down there. Sharks, snakes, barracudas, and other aquatic predators were rampant in the waters near Qatar, and would sometimes attack divers. The pearl diving industry got even more complicated when colonial tycoons got involved. They would sponsor pearling voyages but require half of the divers’ profits. If it was a good voyage, then all could become wealthy; if it was not, then the divers could become indebted to the sponsor. Between this exploitation and the health risks involved with pearling, divers lived strenuous lives with little reward. Pearl Diving Culture in Qatar Today While pearl fishing is no longer vital to Qatar’s economy, it is celebrated as a part of Qatari culture. Annual pearl diving competitions and cultural celebrations are held. The four-day Senyar pearl diving and fishing competition recently boasted more than 350 participants, navigating between Fasht and Katara Beach on traditional ships. The annual Qatar Marine Festival is a free event that hosts not only pearl diving demonstrations but also a seal show, dancing waters, food, an elaborate musical play, and miniature golf. It is a fun event for families to learn about their culture and have some fun too.

Analysis of the Arabian Construction Companys Costs Essay

Analysis of the Arabian Construction Companys Costs - Essay Example ACC tries to minimize costs by cutting down on some of its expenditure. The expenditure on unnecessary variable costs is cut down to ensure efficiency. Analysis of the firm’s market structure Arabian Construction Company is operating in a perfectly competitive market, which has many buyers and sellers. The forces of demand and supply therefore determine the prices of the products offered by the company. Among the competitors of ACC, we have the Larsen & Toubro, which carries out large-scale construction projects and designs. The other is the DLF, which deals in the development of housing and retailing in property as well. The company has developed over 70 million square units of housing projects up to date. The firms in the construction industry do not deal on single products qualifying them to be in a perfect competition form of market. The industry is free to enter and free to exit with very few legal formalities placed by the government governing company registration hence no barriers to entry into the market. Any firm which feels can withstand the fierce competition in the field can enter the market. The firms are also not forced to stay in the market hence they can a lways leave at their pleasure most so if they are not able to compete favorably (Etro & Federico, pg.132). The firms in this market are therefore neither price takers nor price makers; the forces of market, which are the forces of demand and supply, dictate the prices of their outputs. Profits are therefore highly regulated.

Efficiency Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Efficiency Market Hypothesis - Essay Example Efficient markets do exist in theory. For example according to financial theory there are efficient stock markets that especially don't permit market manipulation by investors. However the practical scenario negates this proposition very often. For instance the rally of the stock could be attributed partially to the equity issue and not to the efficiency of the markets. The stock market crash of 2008 can be identified as a situation in which a stock market experiences a sudden and major decline in value of its underlying stocks. However crashes can occur mainly due to the rising stock prices and excessive economic optimism (Cuthbertson, 1996). Further it can be caused by the collapse of a speculative bubble, financial crisis or economic crisis. A substantial change in stock markets and price behavior can be caused by psychological influences that often lead to bubbles. Thus EMH is flawed to a certain extent because there is no such grantee that share prices would be solely determined by a pure interplay of market forces, i.e. demand and supply. In fact the crash in 2008 occurred due to structural deficiencies that in turn were characterized by a flurry of activity in which overvalued shares were traded hectically during the immediately preceding period before the crash. Stock market influences on the investors' policy decision making process and corporate strategy have been discussed against backdrop of an evolving environment of change. This is because of the fact that business organizations are becoming more popular because their survival is directly proportional to the size of the market rather than the manageability (Elton, and Martin. 2003). Compact small business organizations have been described as economically unproductive in times of financial recessions because their excessive dependence on internal organizational capabilities leads to poor decisions. Therefore it's essential now to discuss the various theoretical underpinnings of the optimal capital structure in order to determine how efficiently the stock market would be able to function in the absence of the above mentioned shortcomings such as bankruptcy costs and information asymmetry. In addition, there are some highly influential theories. With the help of them it's possible to discuss how best an efficient stock market can be brought into existence (or not) thus rendering both capital structure and dividend policy of the firm irrelevant. However the extent to which those stock market imperfections can be overcome would determine the degree of perfection of the stock market in a given situation.On the other hand the success of big firms has been attributed to their ability to raise both debt and equity capital and the relative size of the market. In the first place financial recessions dependents on the firm's ability to raise capital. Since the market value of the firm is affected by the way in which the capital is structured, managers might prefer to raise debt instead of equity thus bringing down the value of the firm in the eyes of the investor (Copeland, and Fred, 1988). Subsequently shareholders might be compelled to sell their shares at lower prices. In such a scenario big corporate entities are able to survive on pre commitments made by institutional lenders who will not

Equality Diversity And Rights In Health Care Social Work Essay

Equality Diversity And Rights In Health Care Social Work Essay What is equality and diversity? Although sometimes used interchangeably, the terms equality and diversity are not the same. Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their potential (DH, 2004). It is about identifying patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances. For example, occupational segregation. Women make up almost 75% of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas: nursing, allied health professionals (AHPs), administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). People from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1% of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1% of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). An equalities approach understands that our social identity in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. Diversity literally means difference. When it is used as a contrast or addition to equality, it is about recognising individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing positive value on diversity in the community and in the workforce. Historically, employers and services have ignored certain differences. However, individual and group diversity needs to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organisations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. For example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to accommodate child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week. These approaches recognise that in order to be inclusive and equal to all, organisations may need to respond differently to individuals/groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal. Learning outcomes Understand concepts of equality, diversity rights in relation to Health and Social Care. Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a number of reasons. We live in an increasingly diverse society and need to be able to respond appropriately and sensitively to this diversity. Learners in the healthcare setting will reflect this diversity around gender, race and ethnicity, disability, religion, sexuality, class and age. Your organisation believes that successful implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work ensures that colleagues, staff and students are valued, motivated and treated fairly. Every member of society is likely, at some point, to be a recipient of health and social care. The Department of Health can only achieve its aim of better health, care and well-being for all, by building an explicit commitment to equality, diversity and human rights throughout the health and social care system. All public organisations including the Department of Health and public providers and commissioners of health and social care services have a duty to promote equality. Successfully delivering these duties is a core part of the health and social care systems objective to offer services that deliver high quality care for all. To do this, the diversity of the population has to be recognised, in policy development through to service delivery and patient care, acknowledging the diverse experiences, aspirations and needs of staff, patients and service. The Department of Health and local health and social care organisations continue to take proactive steps to address unequal access and outcomes experienced by some sections of the community. DH is working to ensure the principles and practicalities of fairness, equality, diversity and human rights are a central to the work of the Department. In 2007 the UK established a new single equalities body, to bring together the existing equality Commissions dealing with gender, disability, and race and ethnicity into a Commission for Equality and Human Rights. The promotion and enforcement of equality and diversity is one of the three duties of the new body. This paper briefly explores diversity in relation to the theory of gender equality and also examines developments in policy at the EU level, which has provided much of the impetus for change. Our focus is on the policy approach and the tensions that the policy documents reveal about the emphasis on equality and diversity approach, in particular the extent to which attention to gender issues may get lost in the diversity bundle, and the extent to which a focus on the individual may be strengthened over the group. This page lists some of the guidance materials produced by the former equality commissions and guidance produced by external organisations, who have given us permissi on to reproduce their materials on our site. Guidance from ACAS Age, Religion or Belief, Sexual orientation There are no statutory Codes in force covering sexual orientation, religion or belief, or age discrimination. However,ACAS has published guidance documents covering each of these areas. The following guides are also available on the ACAS website. Guidance from the EOC advising young people The Equal Opportunities Commission produced guidance to help advisers who work with young people to  work out  whether they might have experienced unlawful discrimination. The main focus was sex discrimination but other forms of discrimination are also referred to. Young people need advice too.. Guidance from the TUC mental health issues The  TUC produced guidance to help trade union reps and officials provide a good service to members with mental health problems. It aims to equip reps in workplaces with the information they need to deal as well with mental health issues as they do with the other issues that crop up on daily basis. Guidance from the Refugee Council employing refugees We have worked with theRefugee Council to produce guidance on employing refugees. The guidance explains which documents can provide evidence of entitlement to work. This guidance is aimed at employers but could be useful for advisers as well. Guidance from Advocacy Action Human rights toolkit for advocates Action for Advocacy, the independent advocacy organisation has developed a toolkit based on an initial series of Commission-funded training days to advocates across England and Wales. The toolkit is a resource to promote further thinking and better use of resources that can support advocates to use human rights in their advocacy work. Understand discriminatory practice in health and social care. Discrimination is less favorable or bad treatment of someone because of one or more aspects of their social identity. Understanding how discrimination can impact on individuals lives is essential to prevent potential discrimination within in teaching and learning situations and ensure that you are confident in dealing with discrimination issues if and when they arise. Our social identity comprises our: gender race or ethnicity sexuality religion or faith age class disability. While we can face discrimination because of any of these aspects, it is important that we also identify the links between social identities and individuality and/or a state and situation. Bad treatment can be multi-layered and occur because of: an aspect of individuality, e.g. some aspect of personal appearance, size, personal likes, etc. our state/situation, e.g. homelessness, being a lone parent, misuse of drugs or alcohol, citizen status, health, etc. Valuing diversity It is important that you consider how an individuals social identity may impact on their experience of the programme/teaching session of clinical activity in which the learner is engaged. The ways in which discrimination works include stereotyping, making assumptions, patronising, humiliating and disrespecting people, taking some people less seriously. To ensure that we value diversity and consider the individuals identity appropriately in clinical teaching, the following principles may be useful: recognise that we need to treat all learners as individuals and respond to them, and their social identity, in an individual manner understand that treating people fairly does not mean treating people in the same way we need to recognise difference and respond appropriately respect all learners regardless of their social identity try to increase our knowledge and understanding of aspects of social identity that may be different from our own avoid stereotyping or making assumptions about learners based on their social identity recognise that some course content may impact on some learners in a negative/difficult way because of an aspect of their social identity recognise that the course structure, e.g. timing of lectures, unsociable hours, weekend working, and so on, may impact on some learners more than others due to their social identity recognise that your own social identity may impact on learners in different ways avoid using inappropriate and disrespectful language relating to social identity Institutional discrimination Institutional discrimination is concerned with discrimination that has been incorporated into the structures, processes and procedures of organisations, either because of prejudice or because of failure to take into account the particular needs of different social identities. Looking at the long historical perspective, there is a very fundamental evolution of how public institutions have dealt with the notion of anti-discrimination. Whereas the typical 19th century anti-discrimination arrangements were developed for settling the case of philosophical and religious minorities, contemporary legislation is facing the challenge of addressing new issues such as, for instance, those raised by the massive immigration of colonial and guest workers immigrants. If racial discrimination is among the most problematic forms of discrimination, it is far from being the only one. The struggle against discrimination is an ongoing process, which is now facing the challenge of, not only addressing new social realities, but also addressing old ones innovatively. The inclusion of disability, sexual orientation and age as a basis for anti-discrimination struggle reflects the feeling that the law must be adapted to processes of social change, which are marked today by an unprecedented diversity in terms of lifestyles, ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds. Three features distinguish institutional discrimination from other random individual forms of bad treatment. Triggered by social identity the discrimination impacts on groups (or individuals because they are members of that group). Systematic it is built into: laws, rules and regulations. For example, selection criteria for jobs or courses, laws such as the Minimum Wage, pension regularities, etc. the way we do things round here, including the use of authority and discretion, e.g. how training opportunities are allocated, how flexibility in learning practices is authorized the popular culture and ways of describing normality, e.g. long working hours culture/expectations. Results in patterns incidents of discrimination may appear isolated or random but where institutional discrimination occurs they are part of a wider pattern of events which often may be hidden. Patterns of discrimination can often be surfaced by effective organizational information relating to social identity. For example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people get promoted in an organization? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people get accepted onto a training course? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people leave an organization after six months of employment? Questions such as this may point to some people experiencing the organization in a different/more negative way than others. Understand how National initiatives promotes anti-discriminatory practise in Health education and Social care. The concept of discrimination adopted in the legislation derived from Article 13 is inspired by the EU legislation on the equality of treatment between men and women.5 Equality of treatment is defined as the absence of any direct or indirect discrimination. By direct discrimination, The same document defines indirect discrimination as follows: indirect discrimination shall be taken to occur where an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice is liable to affect adversely a person or persons to whom any of the grounds referred to in Article 17 applies, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving it are appropriate and necessary Harassment is also considered a discrimination in its own right. Harassment is any form of action that creates a disturbing, intimidating, offensive or hostile working environment, such as verbal abuses and gestures. As in the equality of treatment between men and women legislation, the two anti-discrimination directives following Article 13 place the burden of proof on the defendant in case of legal action. Discrimination can happen in many different ways but you have rights to protect you By law people are protected from discrimination on the grounds of: race sex sexual orientation disability (or because of something connected with your disability) religion or belief being a transsexual person having just had a baby or being pregnant   being married or in a civil partnership (this applies only at work or if someone is being trained for work) age (this applies only at work or if someone is being trained for work) These are known as protected characteristics. Race discrimination Wherever you were born, wherever your parents came from, whatever the colour of your skin, you have a right to be treated fairly. Gender equality sex discrimination Women and men should not be treated unfairly because of their gender, because they are married or because they are raising a family. Sexual orientation Whether you are gay, lesbian, bisexual or straight should not put you at a disadvantage. Disability discrimination If you have a physical or mental impairment you have specific rights that protect you against discrimination. Religion and belief Your religion or belief, or those of somebody else, should not affect your right to be treated fairly. This could be at work, school, in shops or while using public services like health care. Transgender discrimination Trans people should be able to live with dignity. There are protections for some of the forms of discrimination that trans people experience. Age equality By law you cannot be treated less favourably in your workplace or in training for work because of your age. For example, it would be unlawful to not employ someone because of their age. The EU notion of anti-discrimination offers a minimal standard of legal protection, not an extensive and uniform one. This means that some countries will remain more advanced than others in their struggle against discrimination even after the implementation of the two directives. The legislation also suggests that equality of treatment is expected to result from combating discrimination.8 It does not enact a positive duty on public and private authorities to promote positive action or equal opportunities policies. In this respect, one suspects that this absence will in the long run be felt as a major shortcoming. Lessons from both the perspective of gender studies and from ethnic and racial studies have taught that a thin notion of equality of treatment is far from being a promise of equality. Human rights Human rights are the basic rights and principles that belong to every person in the world. They are based on the core principles of dignity, fairness, equality, respect and autonomy (E and HRC, 2008). Human rights protect an individuals freedom to control their day-to-day life, and effectively participate in all aspects of public life in a fair and equal way. Human rights help individuals to flourish and achieve potential through: being safe and protected from harm being treated fairly and with dignity being able to live the life you choose taking an active part in your community and wider society (E and HRC, 2008). Intrinsic to these statements should be the principles of equality and diversity. Since 1998 the UK has also included human rights within its legal framework. The Human Rights Act applies to all public authorities and bodies performing a public function. The Human Rights Acts places the following responsibility on your organisation. Organisations must promote and protect individuals human rights. This means treating people fairly, with dignity and respect while safeguarding the rights of the wider community. Organisations should apply core human rights values, such as equality, dignity, privacy, respect and involvement, to all organisational service planning and decision making. The Human Rights Act provides a complementary legal framework to the anti-discriminatory framework and the public duties. The legal context As a clinical teacher you will want to ensure that you understand the legal framework regarding equality, and that you can relate this framework to your everyday role. The UK framework has two elements to it: the anti- discriminatory framework (which gives individuals a route to raise complaints of discrimination around employment and service delivery) and the public duties (which place a proactive duty on organisations to address institutional discrimination). Overview of anti-discriminatory framework Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) and (Religious Belief) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 Equality Act 2006 (covers service delivery in relation to sexual orientation and religious belief) It is important to note that at the current time, age legislation only protects individuals in the area of employment and not service delivery. The SEN and Disability Act 2001 The SEN and Disability Act 2001 extended the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 to education with effect from September 2002. This act requires teachers to explore the provision of reasonable adjustments for students who may have disabilities, including learning disabilities, to enable them to participate effectively. The EU took great care to avoid national and EU anti-discrimination provisions becoming concurrent. The solution introduced for solving this difficult question was to adopt the most appropriate technique of legislation. By choosing the directive, the EU has in effect opted for flexibility. The Directive, contrary to the regulation, offers Member States general guidelines, which should be implemented within two years after the adoption of the two directives. The anti-discrimination package proposed by the Commission and later adopted by the Council of Ministers defines minimal common standard of legal protection for victims of discrimination, without prejudice of what the Member States already have on offer in their internal legal order . It is particularly crucial for the success of the legislation that Member States take the EU initiative as a motivation for upgrading their internal standard of protection and not as a justification for lowering them. This is why the two directives contain a non-regression clause which will in practice lead to better legislation in all Member States. Another reason why EU legislation should be seen as complementing national initiatives is the material scope of the Article 13. As indicated above, the sphere of competence of the EU in the area of anti-discrimination is restrictively defined by the Treaty on the European Union. The main area where it will be relevant to think in terms of Article 13 is the labour market. Therefore, there is a whole range of areas of potential discrimination where the role of the Member States will remain primordial. Know how anti-discriminatory practice is promoted in Health Social Care setting Active promotion of anti-discriminatory practice: ethical principles; putting the patient/service user at the heart of service provision, eg providing active support consistent with the beliefs, culture and preferences of the individual, supporting individuals to express their needs and preferences, empowering individuals, promoting individuals rights, choices and wellbeing; balancing individual rights with the rights of others; dealing with conflicts; identifying and challenging discrimination Personal beliefs and value systems: influences on, eg culture, beliefs, past events, socialisation, environmental influences, health and wellbeing; developing greater self-awareness and tolerance of differences; committing to the care value base; careful use of language; working within legal, ethical and policy guidelines. Beliefs are the assumptions we make about ourselves, about others in the world and about how we expect things to be. Beliefs are about how we think things really are, what we think is really true and what therefore expect as likely consequences that will follow from our behavior. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model (HBM) has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention. This article presents a critical review of 29 HBM-related investigations published during the period 1974-1984, tabulates the findings from 17 studies conducted prior to 1974, and provides a summary of the total 46 HBM studies (18 prospective, 28 retrospective). Twenty-four studies examined preventive-health be haviors (PHB), 19 explored sick-role behaviors (SRB), and three addressed clinic utilization. A significance ratio was constructed which divides the number of positive, statistically- significant findings for an HBM dimension by the total number of studies reporting significance levels for that dimension. Summary results provide substantial empirical support for the HBM, with findings from prospective studies at least as favorable as those obtained from retrospective research. Perceived barriers proved to be the most powerful of the HBM dimensions across the various study designs and behaviors. While both were important overall, perceived sus ceptibility was a stronger contributor to understanding PHB than SRB, while the reverse was true for perceived benefits. Perceived severity produced the lowest overall significance ratios; however, while only weakly associated with PHB, this dimension was strongly related to SRB. On the basis of the evidence compiled, it is recommended that consideration of HBM dimensions be a part of health education programming. Suggestions are offered for further research. It is important for care workers to promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users. There are various ways of how they can challenge discriminatory issues and practices in health and social care. One of the ways in which care worker can promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users is to always put the patient/service user at the heart of the service provision. This means that the patients individual needs will be met and achieved Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. For the first time, the Universal Declaration set out the fundamental rights and freedoms shared by all human beings. These rights and freedoms based on core principles like dignity, equality and respect inspired a range of international and regional human rights treaties. For example, they formed the basis for the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. The European Convention protects the human rights of people in countries that belong to the Council of Europe. This includes the United Kingdom. Until recently, people in the United Kingdom had to complain to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg if they felt their rights under the European Convention had been breached. for example; a personal eating plan to a specific individual. Putting the service user at the centre of the provision generally makes a happier and healthier patient in all areas. Care workers can help achieve this by: * Understanding what it is like to use those services * Involving those who use the services Another example can be quoted as, Rights of one patient will clash with the rights of another A patient has the right to watch TV or listen to the radio, while the patient in the next bed has the right the right to an undisturbed sleep the rights of these two patients clash. By providing earphones could help resolve this. If patients share a room one wants the door propped open and the other one doesnt although this is a clash of rights the rights of the patient who wanted the door closed would outweigh the other as propping open doors is a fire risk Care settings must provide services in such a way that all service users get equal benefit for them. For example a person who does not have English as their first language may require a translator in order to understand the services available and to express a choice about them. One of the most beneficial ways in which a social care setting can challenge anti discriminatory is through staff development and training this may be done formally through supervision sessions or more informally in the course of day to day working. The manager should supervise the work of their staff, offer advice and guidance in difficult situations and help the workers identify training opportunities to improve their practise.  

My High School Experience Essay

When people start high school they’re usually so excited. They can’t wait to experience everything that comes with being in high school, I mean who wouldn’t? Everyone says that high school is the best four years of your life. Now that I’m months away from graduating, I can’t say they were my best years but I can say they were my most educational years, of course I wouldn’t say that they weren’t fun because they were. When I say educational, I mean I’ve learned so much about myself and so much about life. I learned what the words family, love, betrayal, law and life meant. All these events changed me, and I’m glad they happened because I wouldn’t have learned all these lessons. My personality hasn’t changed; I’m still a carefree girl, just with a little more wisdom and a lot more strength. I started off school with a horrible attitude because my parents sent me to a different school. They sent me to a school where I knew about two people, I was so angry at my parents that I decided to rebel until they would transfer me to Eastlake. When I went back to Eastlake everything was good again, I made new friends and I even had a boyfriend. My priorities were never really about school or getting good grades, it was always about my friends and my boyfriend. I would ditch on a daily basis just to spend more time with them even if we didn’t really do anything exciting, just as long as I didn’t have to be bored in a classroom. My ditching got so bad it got to the point where my teachers didn’t even know my name, or they thought I transferred out of their class. As a result to all this ditching, I had horrible grades and I was way behind on my credits. I regret ditching because I ruined my chances of going to a university; instead I’m going to a community college. I realize now that I ditched for no reason at all, it was a waste of my time. I look back and think that ditching is just so ridiculous, there really is no point to it unless you want to ruin your future. Remember how I said I learned what the words family, love and betrayal meant? Well, in my situation they sort of all happened together. My freshmen and sophomore year, I had my first real boyfriend. I was completely and totally in love with this guy, he changed me in ways that I’m proud of and ways that I’m not proud of. I revolved my world around him, which wasn’t a good idea. After almost two years of dating, we broke up and it literally shattered my world. During our relationship I became friends with his friends and I even considered one of them my best friends, so when we broke up I didn’t only loose him, I lost all of them as well. It felt so awful to all of a sudden have everything, and then just lose everything in a day. A couple of weeks later, I found out that my best friend was actually dating my ex boyfriend. I couldn’t believe that a person could betray someone like that, especially after everything that she and I went through together. I’m not proud of the events that happened after all of this, and I’m not proud of how I let them change me. The one thing that saved me was my family; they saved me in ways I can’t even explain. They gave me hope and a new life for me that I am extremely grateful for. I’ve learned to be wiser when it comes to picking friends, and choosing who to put my trust in. I also became a stronger person, I don’t let people walk all over me or I don’t let people control my life anymore. The last event is the one that taught me the most about how hard life is, and how life isn’t always fair. My junior year was spent in Tijuana, I would go every weekend to hang out with my cousins and now I have a good life over there. I was never considered a bad kid or a bad influence to other people but everyone goes off course at some point in their life, well mine was spending the night in jail. I could honestly say that I didn’t do anything to deserve being there, except just being at the wrong place with the wrong people. It was really tough to see the disappointment in my parents faces when they saw me in there, it’s probably the worst place for your parents to see you in. I felt helpless because even though I committed no crime, I was still treated as if I did and it was just an awful experience to go through. After I got out, I decided to leave all those friends behind because they didn’t do me any good except get me in trouble. I learned the hard way that people can bring you down, even if you don’t expect it. Throughout my four years of high school I learned to not follow the crowd, even if it may seem extremely cool at the time. I do regret the things I did, but in a way I’m glad for the lessons I could take from them. All of these events made me a stronger person, and I’ve learned what right and wrong is. My parents and I had a rocky four years, I put them through so much disappointment and stress but in the end, I finally became the good daughter. I don’t disrespect them anymore, I care about school, and I’m glad to say that I haven’t disappointed them in a very long time. I think it’s amazing how much a person can grow and transform into something they never thought they would be. I’m looking forward to graduating and proving all the people that looked down on me wrong, it’s going to be an amazing feeling. These four years are only the beginning, they couldn’t have been my best years because my life is not even close to being over, I’m going to learn so many more things and have even better memories.

English speaking and writing assessment the stress factors that affect teenagers

Do you remember when you were a teenager? Perhaps times have changed since then; nowadays there are about a hundred and one things that young adults have to stress about. Now you may be thinking that is another long rant by a moody teenager complaining about how unfair their life is, however it's not, this is such telling you the realities of what teenagers go through. One of the main issues is stereotyping, we cannot seem to go anywhere without at least one person stereotyping what our life and personality is like. Only 30% of typical stereotypes made on adolescents, such as drug abusing, shallow, rude or violent behaviour, are actually true. Whilst you might believe your teenage years were the golden years in your life, this is not the case for this generation's young adults, however many parents are oblivious to their teenage child's worries, insecurities and problems. Now imagine you're a fifteen year old girl, when you wake up in the morning you need to spend at least half an hour in front of the mirror, maybe even more on bad days, in front of the mirror. But you just cannot get your hair to be straight enough or for your stomach to look smaller. Once you arrive at school you have to face classmates â€Å"subtly† bitching about you like you do not even exist. It makes you feel even worse about yourself as you do not know what you have done wrong or how to make people like you. When lessons start and as per usual your teachers are comparing you to students in older years, pressurising you to do well in the tests and repeatedly reminding you that your GCSEs are drawing nearer. You just cannot escape this academic pressure set on you. They say that you should just do your best, however what if you're best is not good enough? What if your best does not make your parents proud of you? You hear your classmates telling each other how drunk they got at the weekend; you're wondering whether you're the only one who does not get invited to these parties and gets drunk with the rest of your class or the only one who has not gone far with a boy. This makes you hate yourself more and wish you could be anyone else, but you. Lunchtime arrives, and it's the same old dilemma in the canteen: sandwich or pizza? Cake or salad? How healthy is it? How much fat is there in it? How many calories does it contain? You're afraid to indulge, in case you gain weight, get called the class pig and become even more of a social reject. Then you get home, time to face your rude, obnoxious parents who try to understand what is going on in your mind, you want to scream at them everything that is worrying you and ask them for help but you know that they will not understand and will just be even more ashamed of you. They blame how you act towards them to hormones and bad attitude, when really it's down to them; their constant comparing, shouting and criticising. This is just a minute part of a teenage girl's life; now imagine you have to go through this every single day. The real difficult thing to grasp is however, is that issues much older people go through seem to be happening to younger and younger people. So just think before you judge or stereotype a teenager you see, think about what they could be going through and if you were in their shoes how you would be feeling.